ASTM E1768-1995(2008) 淡水鱼的肺换气行为毒理学试验用标准指南

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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforVentilatoryBehavioralToxicologyTestingofFreshwaterFish
【原文标准名称】:淡水鱼的肺换气行为毒理学试验用标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1768-1995(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Acutefishventilatorybehavioralresponse;Contamination--environmental;Environmentalcontrol/fate;Fishes;Freshwaterfish;NOEC(noobservableeffectconcentration);Prelethalsymptoms;Toxicity/toxicology--waterenvironments;Ventilatorybehavioralr
【摘要】:Responsesthatreflectoxygenconsumptionorutilizationhaveoftenbeentargetedasusefulindicatorsofincipienttoxicconditions(26,27,28,29,30).Inaddition,sustainedacutefishventilatorybehavioralresponsesreflectaphysiologicalchangeintheorganismandthereforemighthaveecologicalrelevance.Forsometime,thetechnologicalmeanshavebeenavailabletologanddisplayventilatorysignalsovertime.Asaresult,thereareaconsiderablenumberofstudieswhichexaminedventilatorybehavioroffishandotheraquaticorganisms.Alargenumberofsubstancesatlethallevelshavebeenshowntoelicitventilatoryresponsesrelativelyquickly(13,19,20,31,32,33,34).Formanypollutants,asignificantresponsewasoftengeneratedinlessthan1hofexposuretoconcentrationsapproachingthe96hLC50.Studiesperformedusingsubacutelytoxicsamplesofeffluentsorindividualpollutants(concentrationswellbelowthereportedLC50concentration),oftendocumentedresponseswithin1to10hofexposure(11,18,21,30,35,36).Giventhedataobtainedthusfar,itappearsthatfishventilatorybehaviormaybeaverysensitiveandrapidindicatorofacutetoxicityifvariousaspectsofthisbehavior(thatis,rateandamplitude)areassessedandanalyzedsimultaneously.Itappearsthatthemoreaspectsofventilatorybehaviorthatareassessed,themoresensitiveandrapidthesystemis(11,12,21,22).Althoughavarietyoforganismshavebeenexaminedincludingcrayfish(37),aquaticinsectlarvae(31),andbivalves(13),mostresearchinaquaticventilatorybehaviorhasusedfreshwaterfishspecies.Thisislargelybecausefisharegenerallymoreecologicallyx201C;visiblex201D;intheirimportanceinaquaticsystemsandmanyspecies(particularlythesalmonidsandcentrarchids)havelargeopercularflapsthatyieldrelativelyclearventilatorysignalsformeasurementandevaluation.Specieselicitingrelativelysmallbioelectricventilatorysignalsaremoredifficulttousegiventheelectrodeandamplificationsystemsreferencedinthisguide.Changesinventilatorybehaviorhavebeenshowntobeareliableindicatorofaccidentaltoxicspillsorx201C;slugsx201D;ofpollutantsinwastewateranddrinkingwatersystems(15,20,23,24,33).1.1Thisguidecoversinformationonmethodstomeasureandinterpretventilatorybehavioralresponsesoffreshwaterfishtocontaminants.1.2Ventilatoryresponsesareoftensomeofthefirstprelethalsymptomsexhibitedbyanimalstoenvironmentalstressors(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10).Continued,abnormalventilatorybehavior(thatis,rapidorshallowbreathing,erraticbreathing)canindicatephysiologicaldamagethatmaybeirreversible.Suchdamagecouldeventuallyresultindecreasedsurvival,growth,orreproductionoftheorganism,orallofthese.1.3Ventilatoryresponsesofsomefishspeciescanbemeasuredrelativelyeasilyandquickly,providingausefultoolforbiomonitoringstudiesofwastewaters,purechemicals,surfacewater,andgroundwater.1.4Appropriatestudiesofventilatoryresponsescanyielddefinitiveendpointssuchasnoobservableeffectconcentration(NOEC)oranEC50,oftenmorerapidlythanstandardtoxicitytestmethods(11,12).1.5Themodeofactionoftestsubstancesandthetypeofchemicaltoxicantcanbedeterminedbyexaminingventilatorybehavioralresponsesinconjunctionwithoth......
【中国标准分类号】:Z19
【国际标准分类号】:11_220
【页数】:10P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语